The item is an Insights workbook package containing patient case data and locations where each case had close contact with other people.

Next, you will import the package you downloaded.

The workbook is loaded into Insights and appears on the Workbooks page.

The workbook contains two datasets, Case and Location, in the data pane. Both datasets are stored in Excel tables and were added to the workbook that you imported. Insights supports data from many sources, such as Excel, feature layers from ArcGIS Online, or data from ArcGIS Living Atlas of the World.

The workbook is titled Community outbreak and the page is named Contact tracing.

Case includes the fields Case, Sex, Age, Cause, Test result, and Test date. Location includes the fields Case, Activity date, and Activity description.

The Case field refers to people who are being tested, or who are being monitored because of close contact to someone who is being tested. The Case dataset lists each case once and provides details on each of the cases. Cases are identified by their household, sex (male, female, or other/prefer not to specify), and age range.

The Location dataset tracks the activities that each case participated in or locations where contacts were made in the days preceding testing.

To track viral infections, you will want to see the relationship between cases (including the cause of infection and test results) and reported contact locations. Since the information about each case is stored in a separate table from the reported activities, you will start by joining the two datasets. The joined dataset will be used to create most of the charts in your analysis and will allow all the charts to interact with each other, even when they reference data from different datasets.

In the Create relationships window, click Location and Case.

The datasets are added to the window. Joins must be made based on shared attributes in the two datasets. For your data, the Case fields were chosen as the joining fields, meaning features with the same case value will be joined.

By default, Insights performs inner joins, which means that features that match for both datasets are included in the joined dataset. You want to keep the Location dataset as it is and add the case information to each location entry, so you will change the join type to a left join.

In the Edit relationship window, you can choose to keep all data from both datasets, all data from the left dataset, or all data from the right dataset. The Location dataset is on the left side of the join, so that’s the join type you will use.

The joined dataset, called Location – Case, is added to the data pane. Joined datasets and other result datasets are indicated with an orange icon.

Now you will use the fields in the joined dataset to make charts that you can use for contact tracing.

The two fields are selected in the data pane and ready to be added to the card type of your choice. You add fields to cards by dragging them onto the empty page to access the card options.

A link chart is created showing the cases and locations, as well as the connections between them. You will change some settings on the link chart to optimize your analysis.

The Layer options pane displays properties for the chart.

The nodes, which represent the cases and activity descriptions, are sized by graduated symbols using a method called centrality. The default centrality is measured by degree (the centrality measure appears in the Layer options pane, on the Symbology tab, under the Graph options parameter).

The degree refers to the number of links a node has. A person who reported many activities or a place that many people reported visiting will have a larger degree than a person who reported few activities or a place with a small number of people reported visiting.

The following centrality options are available:

• Degree—The number of direct neighbors of the node.
• Betweenness—The extent to which a node lies on the shortest path between other nodes in the network.
• Closeness—The average of the shortest distance paths to all other nodes.
• Eigenvector—The measure of the influence of a node in a network based on its proximity to other important nodes.

The hover pop-up tells you the case and betweenness for the node you pointed to. By default, the centrality is normalized so the values range from 0 to 1. Next, you will configure the links on the chart.

The Graph options are replaced with Link options.

The links are styled using unique values based on the Cause field. The lines are thin, so it can be difficult to see which colors are used. You will change the line thickness.

Finally, you will configure the layout of the link chart.

The Graph style options appear in place of the Link style options.

The radial layout displays the nodes with the highest centrality near the center, with links directed outward in an orbital pattern.

A reference table is created showing the activities and test results for all cases.

The default card size is not wide enough to show all of the columns on the table. You will increase the card size.

The columns are all visible, but you won't be able to see all the rows at once. To make the reference table more usable, you'll apply a cross filter. The cross filter will filter the entries on the reference table based on selections made on other cards.

Next, you will create a column chart to show the cause of the potential infection for the cases. You will use the Case dataset rather than the joined dataset to ensure each case is only being displayed once.

The column chart shows each cause (Close contact, Potential contact, and Travel to infected area) and the number of cases categorized for each. The columns on the chart are all the same color. You will change the symbol to match the colors for the links on the link chart.

The chart is styled by unique symbols, using the same colors as the link chart. The chart also shows the average count. You do not need the average count, so you will remove it.

Next, you will create a second column chart, this time to show test results.

The column chart shows the test results (Negative, No test, and Positive) and the number of cases for each result.

The final step will be to create a chart that shows the test results for each case. You will create the chart using the joined dataset so that it will also tell you the number of activities reported for each case.

A treemap is created with different sized rectangles for each case. The color of the rectangle is based on the test result, and the size is based on the number of activities reported for each case.

The treemap and second column chart both show test results. It would be helpful if the colors on the treemap were also used on the column chart.

The test results on the column chart and the treemap are styled using the same colors.

The other cards on the page update to show the data linked to the selected column on the chart.

The treemap indicates the case linked to travel was A (F, 30-39), meaning the case was for a female age 30 to 39 in Household A. The treemap and column chart for test results indicate that the test results for this case were positive, meaning the patient was infected.

The link chart also shows A (F, 30-39) selected, and the direct connections between the patient and the activities she reported. In the case of A (F, 30-39), only her household was reported.

The reference table indicates the date that A (F, 30-39) reported her activity (arriving home from travel to Household A) as 3/6/2020. Since A (F, 30-39) did not report any other activity besides returning to her house, she is a low risk for transmitting the virus. You will look at the members of her household next.

The link chart shows three cases linked to Household A. The cases are also selected on the treemap. A (F, 30-39) is the known traveler. A (M, 30-39) and A (F, 0-4) are the other members of her household. All three household members have tested positive for the virus.

The hover pop-ups indicate that only one activity was reported for A (F, 30-39) and A (F, 0-4), meaning the only place they visited was their household (in other words, both cases were isolated after exposure to the virus). Case A (M, 30-39) has two reported activities. You will look next at where those activities were located to see whether there are others who may have been infected.

The link chart updates to show the two links connected to A (M, 30-39).

One of the nodes is for Household A, which you already explored. The second is for Meeting in Office X. That node is larger than the others you’ve looked at so far, which indicates it is a more important node for connecting nodes to each other (in other words, it has a more important role in spreading the virus).

According to the reference table, the meeting took place on 3/9/2020, which is after the time when A (F, 30-39) returned from her trip.

Four cases are connected to Meeting in Office X. Look at the treemap to see more information about the cases. All four have been tested; two tested positive, including A (M, 30-39), and two tested negative. The cases that tested negative do not need to be pursued any further.

Case E (F, 40-49) reported two activities where she had contacts: working from home and working in office Z. She also reported which coworkers she was in close contact with in office Z. Since E (F, 40-49) tested negative, those coworkers do not need to be tested. You will hide the leaf node in the chart to reduce clutter. When you select a node in the link chart, you can hide its leaf nodes, set it as a central node, or edit it.

The link and node for Work From Home E are hidden.

The nodes for the coworkers in Office Z are hidden. The other negative case was D (M, 60-69).

D (M, 60-69) reported working in Office Y and staying in Household D. The link to Household D continues to case D (F, 60-69), which in turn leads to Nursing Home X. Since D (M, 60-69) tested negative, none of these cases need to be tested because of their connection to him.

The other case from the meeting in Office X was B (M, 18-29), who tested positive.

B (M, 18-29) reported his household and Office X as the locations where he was in contact with others.

According to the treemap, H (M, 50-59) and I (M, 40-49) both tested negative. Therefore, there is no need to pursue their points of contact any further.

F (F, 50-59) and G (F, 50-59) both tested positive. There is no information for which locations G (F, 50-59) visited since her exposure. That data will need to be collected to fully trace additional points of contact.

F (F, 50-59) reported attending Conference X and coming into close contact with two people.

The two conference attendees that came into contact with F (F, 50-59) were U (F, 40-49) and V (M, 50-59); in the treemap, these two cases are listed as No test. Since F (F, 50-59) tested positive, those two cases will need to be tested as well. More information will also need to be gathered to determine whether other conference attendees should be tested or directed to self-isolate.

The other location that B (M, 18-29) reported was his household, which is connected to a second person who visited his household.

C (M, 18-29) is connected to Household B, plus two workout classes. His test results are positive, which means there may be risk to other people who attended the classes.

According to the reference table, the activities reported were on three days: 3/8/2020, 3/9/2020, and 3/11/2020. Since C (M, 18-29) likely contracted the virus from B (M, 18-29) on 3/9/2020, the activity on 3/8/2020 (Workout class X) does not need to be pursued further.

Workout class X does not have any other contacts connected to it, so you can hide it.

Next, you will examine the second workout class.

Two close contacts were reported, neither of whom have been tested. Since C (M, 18-29) tested positive, tests should be conducted for both cases from the workout class. The two cases also have reported contacts.

All the connections downstream from Workout class Y are selected. According to the treemap and the column chart with test results, none of the selected cases have been tested. Since there is a known link to a positive test, further action may be required for these cases, such as conducting tests or ordering self-isolation.